I've always respected this journalist in the past. But here she is,
supporting Russiagate. It's a very long article, but I think that given the
fact that I've posted so many anti-Russiagate articles, I should post this
one.
Miriam
Christopher Steele, the Man Behind the Trump Dossier
By Jane Mayer, The New Yorker
06 March 18
How the ex-spy tried to warn the world about Trumps ties to Russia.
In January, after a long day at his London office, Christopher Steele, the
former spy turned private investigator, was stepping off a commuter train in
Farnham, where he lives, when one of his two phones rang. Hed been looking
forward to dinner at home with his wife, and perhaps a glass of wine. It had
been their dream to live in Farnham, a town in Surrey with a beautiful
Georgian high street, where they could afford a house big enough to
accommodate their four children, on nearly an acre of land. Steele, who is
fifty-three, looked much like the other businessmen heading home, except for
the fact that he kept his phones in a Faraday baga pouch, of
military-tested double-grade fabric, designed to block signal detection.
A friend in Washington, D.C., was calling with bad news: two Republican
senators, Lindsey Graham and Charles Grassley, had just referred Steeles
name to the Department of Justice, for a possible criminal investigation.
They were accusing Steelethe author of a secret dossier that helped trigger
the current federal investigation into President Donald Trumps possible
ties to Russiaof having lied to the very F.B.I. officers hed alerted about
his findings. The details of the criminal referral were classified, so
Steele could not know the nature of the allegations, let alone rebut them,
but they had something to do with his having misled the Bureau about
contacts that hed had with the press. For nearly thirty years, Steele had
worked as a close ally of the United States, and he couldnt imagine why
anyone would believe that he had been deceptive. But lying to an F.B.I.
officer is a felony, an offense that can be punished by up to five years in
prison.
The accusations would only increase doubts about Steeles reputation that
had clung to him since BuzzFeed published the dossier, in January, 2017. The
dossier painted a damning picture of collusion between Trump and Russia,
suggesting that his campaign had accepted a regular flow of intelligence
from the Kremlin, including on his Democratic and other political rivals.
It also alleged that Russian officials had been cultivating Trump as an
asset for five years, and had obtained leverage over him, in part by
recording videos of him while he engaged in compromising sexual acts,
including consorting with Moscow prostitutes who, at his request, urinated
on a bed.
In the spring of 2016, Orbis Business Intelligencea small
investigative-research firm that Steele and a partner had founded, in 2009,
after leaving M.I.6, Britains Secret Intelligence Servicehad agreed to do
opposition research on Trumps murky relationship with Russia. Under the
arrangement, Orbis was a subcontractor working for Fusion GPS, a private
research firm in Washington. Fusion, in turn, had been contracted by a law
firm, Perkins Coie, which represented both Hillary Clintons Presidential
campaign and the Democratic National Committee. Several months after Steele
signed the deal, he learned that, through this chain, his research was being
jointly subsidized by the Clinton campaign and the D.N.C. In all, Steele was
paid a hundred and sixty-eight thousand dollars for his work.
Steele had spent more than twenty years in M.I.6, most of it focussing on
Russia. For three years, in the nineties, he spied in Moscow under
diplomatic cover. Between 2006 and 2009, he ran the services Russia desk,
at its headquarters, in London. He was fluent in Russian, and widely
considered to be an expert on the country. Hed also advised on
nation-building in Iraq. As a British citizen, however, he was not
especially knowledgeable about American politics. Peter Fritsch, a
co-founder at Fusion who has worked closely with Steele, said of him, Hes
a career public-service officer, and in England civil servants havent been
drawn into politics in quite the same way they have here. Hes a little
naïve about the public square.
And so Steele, on that January night, was stunned to learn that U.S.
politicians were calling him a criminal. He told Christopher Burrows, with
whom he co-founded Orbis, that the sensation was a feeling like vertigo.
Burrows, in his first public interview on the dossier controversy, recalled
Steele telling him, You have this thudding headacheyou cant think
straight, you have no appetite, you feel ill. Steele compared it to the
disorientation that he had felt in 2009, when his first wife, Laura, had
died, after a long illness, leaving him to care for their three young
children.
That night, Burrows said, Steele and his second wife, Katherine, who have
been married since 2012, sat in their living room, wondering what would
become of them. Would they be financially ruined by legal costs? (In
addition to the criminal referral in the U.S., a Russian businessman,
Aleksej Gubarev, had filed a libel lawsuit against Steele, saying that the
dossier had falsely accused his company of helping the Russian government
hack into the Democratic Partys internal e-mail system.) Would Steele end
up in a U.S. federal penitentiary? Would a Putin emissary knife him in a
dark alley somewhere?
In conversations with friends, Steele said he hoped that in five years hed
look back and laugh at the whole experience. But he tended toward pessimism.
No matter how the drama turned out, I will take this to my grave, he often
predicted. A longtime friend of Steeles pointed out to me that Steele was
in a singularly unenviable predicament. The dossier had infuriated both
Vladimir Putin and Donald Trump by divulging allegedly corrupt dealings
between them. Youve got oligarchs running both superpowers, the friend
said. And, incredibly, they both hate this same guy.
Legal experts soon assured Steele that the criminal referral was merely a
political stunt. Nevertheless, it marked a tense new phase in the
investigation into Trumps alleged ties to Russia. The initial bipartisan
support in Congress for a serious inquiry into foreign meddling in Americas
democracy had given way to a partisan brawl. Trumps defenders argued that
Steele was not a whistle-blower but a villaina dishonest Clinton
apparatchik who had collaborated with American intelligence and
law-enforcement officials to fabricate false charges against Trump and his
associates, in a dastardly attempt to nullify the 2016 election. According
to this story line, it was not the President who needed to be investigated
but the investigators themselves, starting with Steele. Theyre trying to
take down the whole intelligence community! Steele exclaimed one day to
friends. And theyre using me as the battering ram to do it.
***
It was not the first time that a congressional investigation had been used
as a tool for destroying someones reputation. Whenever a scandal hit
Washington, opponents used subpoenas, classified evidence, and theatrical
public hearings to spread innuendo, confusion, and lies. Senators Grassley
and Graham declined to be interviewed for this article, but in January
Grassley, the chairman of the Senate Judiciary Committee, gave a speech on
the Senate floor defending the criminal referral. He noted that Steele had
drawn on Russian contacts to amass the dossier. Who was actually colluding
with Russians? Grassley asked. Its becoming more clear.
Democratic members of the committee, who had not been consulted by
Republicans about the criminal referral against Steele, were enraged. The
California senator Dianne Feinstein, the ranking minority member on the
committee, declared that the Republicans goals were undermining the F.B.I.
and Special Counsel Muellers investigation and deflecting attention from
it. Feinstein said that the criminal referral provided no evidence that
Steele had lied, and, she added, not a single revelation in the Steele
dossier has been refuted.
Sheldon Whitehouse, a Democratic senator from Rhode Island, is a former
prosecutor who also serves on the Judiciary Committee. To impeach Steeles
dossier is to impeach Muellers investigation, he told me. Its to recast
the focus back on Hillary. The Republicans aim, he believed, was to
create a false narrative saying this is all a political witch hunt.
Indeed, on January 18th, the staff of Devin Nunes, the Republican chairman
of the House Intelligence Committee, produced a report purporting to show
that the real conspiracy revolved around Hillary Clinton. The truth, Nunes
said, is that Clinton colluded with the Russians to get dirt on Trump, to
feed it to the F.B.I. to open up an investigation into the other campaign.
Glenn Kessler, who writes the nonpartisan Fact Checker blog at the
Washington Post, awarded Nuness statement four Pinocchioshis rating for an
outright lie. There is no evidence that Clinton was involved in Steeles
reports or worked with Russian entities to feed information to Steele,
Kessler wrote.
Nonetheless, conservative talk-show hosts amplified Nuness message. On Fox
News, Tucker Carlson denounced Steele as an intense partisan with
passionately left-wing views about American politics, and said,
inaccurately, that his sloppy and reckless research appears to form the
basis of the entire Mueller investigation. Sean Hannity charged that
Steeles dossier was claptrap filled with Russian lies that were
intended to poison our own intelligence and law-enforcement network
against Trump. The editorial page of the Wall Street Journal accused Steele
of turning the F.B.I. into a tool of anti-Trump political actors. Rush
Limbaugh warned his radio listeners, The battle is between people like us
and the Deep State who are trying to keep hidden what they did.
President Trump had mocked the dirty dossier, suggesting that a failed
spy had relied on made-up facts by sleazebag political operatives. But on
February 8th the President denounced Steele by name for the first time.
Steele of fraudulent Dossier fame, he tweeted, was all tied into Crooked
Hillary.
Two days later, Burrows, of Orbis, was at his home, in Winchester, southwest
of London, struggling to express to me how odd and disturbing it was to have
his business partner targeted by the President of the United States. A
tight-lipped fifty-nine-year-old who is conservative in politics and in
manner, Burrows, like Steele, had spent decades as a British intelligence
officer. This whole thing has been quite surreal, he said. We are being
made into a political football, in U.S. terms, which we really regret. Chris
is being accused of being the heart of some Deep State conspiracy, and hes
not even in your state.
Steeles lawyers have advised him not to speak publicly about the
controversy, and, because he is a former intelligence officer, much of his
life must remain secret. His accusers know this, and, as Senator Whitehouse
explained, they are using selective declassification as a tacticthey use
declassified information to tell their side, and then the rebuttal is
classified. Both the criminal referral and Nuness report used secret
evidence to malign Steele while providing no means for his defenders to
respond without breaching national-security secrets. But interviews with
Steeles friends, colleagues, and business associates tell a very different
story about how a British citizen became enmeshed in one of Americas most
consequential political battles.
***
Steele was born in 1964 in Aden, then the capital of Yemen. His father
worked for the U.K.s national weather service, and had postings overseas
and in Great Britain. Steeles family was middle class, but its roots were
blue-collar: one of Steeles grandfathers was a Welsh coal miner. An
outstanding student, Steele was accepted at Cambridge University in 1982. He
soon set his sights on becoming the president of the Cambridge Union, the
prestigious debating society. It is such a common path for ambitious future
leaders that, according to one former member, its motto should be The Egos
Have Landed. Getting elected president requires shrewd political skills,
and Steele secured the position, in part, by muscling the university
newspaper, for which he had been writing, into endorsing his candidacy. His
jockeying created enemies. One anonymous rival recently told the Daily Mail
that Steele used to be a little creep.
Steele was a middle-of-the-road Labour Party supporter, and at the Cambridge
Union his allies, known as the Anti-Establishment Faction, were
state-schooled, middle-class students. Steeles camp competed against a
blue-blooded Establishment Faction and a right-wing Libertarian Faction. His
longtime friend, who was part of a like-minded society at Oxford, said,
Almost all of us had come from less posh families, and suffered a bit from
the impostor syndrome that made us doubt we belonged there, so we worked
many times harder to prove ourselves. He recalled Steele as an
astoundingly diligent student with huge integrity, adding, He just puts
the bit in his teeth and charges the hill. Hes almost like a cyborg.
Graham Davies, now a well-known public-speaking coach in the U.K., became
friends with Steele in the Cambridge Union. He described him as ultra
low-key but ultra high-intensity, adding, Hes a very quiet guy who
listens more than he talks, which made him stand out. Davies went on, Most
of us like a bit of the spotlight, but Chris has always been the opposite.
Thats been part of his integrity. Hes quietly in control. Davies, who is
a conservative, told me that Steele has many conservative friends. (Steele
supported the Labour government of Tony Blair until the Iraq War, but he
voted for a local Conservative official in his home county.) Hes not an
ideologue, Davies said. Hes got his political views, but hes a pragmatic
thinker. Fairness, integrity, and truth, for him, trump any ideology.
Steele is said to be the first president of the Cambridge Union to invite a
member of the Palestine Liberation Organization to speak. And he presided
over numerous high-profile political debates, including one in which the
proposition that President Ronald Reagans foreign policies had hurt the
U.K. carried the house.
Tellingly, none of Steeles old friends seem to remember the first time they
met him. Of average height and build, with pleasant features, a clean-cut
style of dress, and a cool, neutral gaze, he didnt draw attention to
himself. He was a natural candidate to become professionally unnoticeable.
Davies, who dines several times a year with Steele and other schoolmates,
said, Hes more low-key than Smileythe John le Carré character. But, he
noted, whenever Steele took on a task he was like a terrier with a
bonewhen something needs investigating, he applies the most intense
intellect Ive ever seen.
Steele graduated in 1986, with a degree in social and political science, and
initially thought that he might go into journalism or the law. One day,
though, he answered a newspaper ad seeking people interested in working
abroad. The advertiser turned out to be M.I.6, which, after a battery of
tests, recruited Steele into its Russian-language program. By the time he
was in his mid-twenties he was living in Moscow.
Steele worked out of the British Embassy for M.I.6, under diplomatic cover.
His years in Moscow, 1990 to 1993, were among the most dramatic in Russian
history, a period that included the collapse of the Communist Party;
nationalist uprisings in Ukraine, the Caucasus, and the Baltic states; and
the dissolution of the Soviet Union. Boris Yeltsin gained ultimate power in
Russia, and a moment of democratic promise faded as the K.G.B.now called
the F.S.B.reasserted its influence, oligarchs snapped up state assets, and
nationalist political forces began to emerge. Vladimir Putin, a K.G.B.
operative returning from East Germany, reinvented himself in the shadowy
world of St. Petersburg politics. By the time Steele left the country,
optimism was souring, and a politics of resentmentagainst the oligarchs,
against an increasing gap between rich and poor, and against the Westwas
taking hold.
After leaving Moscow, Steele was assigned an undercover posting with the
British Embassy in Paris, but he and a hundred and sixteen other British
spies had their cover blown by an anonymously published list. Steele came in
from the cold and returned to London, and in 2006 he began running its
Russia desk, growing increasingly pessimistic about the direction of the
Russian Federation.
Steeles already dim view of the Kremlin darkened in November, 2006, when
Alexander Litvinenko, a former Russian K.G.B. officer and a Putin critic who
had been recruited by M.I.6, suffered an agonizing death in a London
hospital, after drinking a cup of tea poisoned with radioactive
polonium-210. Moscow had evidently sanctioned a brazen murder in his own
country. Steele was put in charge of M.I.6s investigation. Authorities
initially planned to indict one suspect in the murder, but Steeles
investigative work persuaded them to indict a second suspect as well. Nine
years later, the U.K.s official inquiry report was finally released, and it
confirmed Steeles view: the murder was an operation by the F.S.B., and it
was probably approved by Vladimir Putin.
Steele has never commented on the case, or on any other aspect of his
intelligence work, but Richard Dearlove, who led M.I.6 from 1999 to 2004,
has described his reputation as superb. A former senior officer recalls
him as a Russia-area expert whose knowledge I and others respectedhe was
very careful, and very savvy. Another former M.I.6 officer described him as
having a Marmite personalitya reference to the salty British spread,
which people either love or hate. He suggested that Steele didnt appear to
be going places in the service, noting that, after the Cold War, Russia
had become a backwater at M.I.6. But he acknowledged that Steele knew
Russia well, and that running the Russia desk was a proper job that you
dont give to an idiot.
The British Secret Intelligence Service is highly regarded by the United
States, particularly for its ability to harvest information from
face-to-face sources, rather than from signals intelligence, such as
electronic surveillance, as the U.S. often does. British and American
intelligence services work closely together, and, while Steele was at M.I.6,
British intelligence was often included in the U.S. Presidents
daily-briefing reports. In 2008, Michael Hayden, the C.I.A. director,
visited the U.K., and Steele briefed him on Russian developments. The
following year, President Obama visited the U.K., and was briefed on a
report that Steele had written about Russia. Steve Hall, a former chief of
the C.I.A.s Central Eurasia Division, which includes Russia, the former
Soviet states, and the Balkans, told me, M.I.6 is second only perhaps to
the U.S. in its ability to collect intelligence from Russia. He added,
Weve always coördinated closely with them because they did such a great
job. Were playing in the Yankee Stadium of espionage here. This isnt
Guatemala.
In 2008, Steele informed M.I.6 that he planned to leave the service and open
a commercial intelligence firm with Burrows. He left in good standing, but
his exit was hastened, because M.I.6 regarded his plans as a potential
conflict of interest. Launching the business was a risky move: London was
filled with companies run by former intelligence officers selling their
contacts and inside knowledge. To differentiate itself, Orbis, which opened
its office in Mayfair, attempted to exploit Steeles Russian expertise. The
strategy appears to have paid off. According to people with knowledge of the
company, Orbis grossed approximately twenty million dollars in its first
nine years. Steele now drives a Land Rover Discovery Sport, and belongs to a
golf club. He also runs a bit, but the feats that kept him in shape while he
was a spyhe ran six marathons and twenty-five half-marathons, and competed
in a dozen Olympic-length triathlon eventshave been replaced by the
carrying of a briefcase. His free time is devoted largely to his family,
which includes three cats, one of whom not long ago replicated the most
infamous allegation in the Steele dossier by peeing on a family members
bed.
Orbiss clients are mostly businesses or law firms representing
corporations. Burrows said that although the company has fewer than ten
full-time employees, were a bit like the bridge on the Starship
Enterprisewere a small group but we manage an enormous ship. To serve its
clients, Orbis employs dozens of confidential collectors around the world,
whom it pays as contract associates. Some of the collectors are private
investigators at smaller firms; others are investigative reporters or highly
placed experts in strategically useful jobs. Depending on the task and the
length of engagement, the fee for collectors can be as much as two thousand
dollars a day. The collectors harvest intelligence from a much larger
network of unpaid sources, some of whom dont even realize they are being
treated as informants. These sources occasionally receive favorssuch as
help in getting their children into Western schoolsbut money doesnt change
hands, because it could risk violating laws against, say, bribing government
officials or insider trading. Paying sources might also encourage them to
embellish.
Steele has not been to Russia, or visited any former Soviet states, since
2009. Unlike some of his former M.I.6 colleagues, he has not been declared
persona non grata by Putins regime, but, in 2012, an Orbis informant quoted
an F.S.B. agent describing him as an enemy of Mother Russia. Steele
concluded that it would be difficult for him to work in the country
unnoticed. The firm guards the identities of its sources, but its clear
that many Russian contacts can be interviewed elsewhere, and London is the
center of the post-Soviet Russian diaspora.
Orbis often performs anti-corruption investigations for clients attempting
internal reviews, and helps hedge funds and other financial companies
perform due diligence or obtain strategic information. One Orbis client who
agreed to talk to me, a Western businessman with interests in Russia and
Ukraine, described Steele to me as very efficient, very professional, and
very credible. He said that his company had successfully cross-checked
Steeles research with other people, adding, I dont know anyone whos been
critical of his work. His reports are very good. Its an absolute no-brainer
that hes just a political target. Theyre trying to shoot the messenger.
Orbis promises confidentiality, and releases no information on its
clientele. Some of its purported clients, such as a major Western oil
company, are conventional corporations. Others are controversial, including
a London law firm representing the interests of Oleg Deripaska, the
billionaire victor of Russias aluminum wars, a notoriously violent battle.
He has been described as Putins favorite oligarch. Steeles possible
financial ties to Deripaska recently prompted Senator Grassley to demand
more information from the London law firm. If a financial trail between
Deripaska and Orbis can be established, it is likely to raise even more
questions about Steele, because Deripaska has already figured in the Russia
investigation, in an unsavory light. Paul Manafort, Trumps former campaign
manager, has been accused of defrauding Deripaskas company while working
for it in Ukraine. (Manafort has been indicted by Special Counsel Robert
Mueller on charges of money laundering and other financial crimes. He has
pleaded not guilty.) Even if Steeles rumored work for Deripaska is
aboveboard, it illustrates the transition that he has made from the world of
government service to the ethically gray world of commerce. Oligarchs
battling other oligarchs provide some of the most lucrative work for
investigators with expertise in Russia. Orbis maintains that, as long as its
activities are limited to providing litigation support for Western law firms
acting in Western courts, it is helping to settle disputes in a more
civilized way than they would be in Russia. But Steele stepped into a
murkier realm when he left M.I.6.
***
Republican claims to the contrary, Steeles interest in Trump did not spring
from his work for the Clinton campaign. He ran across Trumps name almost as
soon as he went into private business, many years before the 2016 election.
Two of his earliest cases at Orbis involved investigating international
crime rings whose leaders, coincidentally, were based in New Yorks Trump
Tower.
Steeles first client after leaving M.I.6 was Englands Football
Association, which hoped to host the World Cup in 2018, but suspected dirty
dealings by the governing body, FIFA. England lost out in its bid to Russia,
and Steele determined that the Kremlin had rigged the process with bribes.
According to Ken Bensingers Red Card, an upcoming book about the scandal,
one of Steeles best sources informed him that the Deputy Prime Minister,
Igor Sechinnow the C.E.O. of the Russian state-controlled oil giant
Rosneftis suspected of having travelled to Qatar to swap World Cup votes.
Steele appears to have spoken anonymously to the Sunday Times of London
about the case. An ex-M.I.6 source who investigated the bidding process
told the paper, The key thing with Russia was six months before the bid, it
got to the point where the country feared the humiliation of being beaten
and had to do something. . . . Putin dragged in all sorts of capabilities.
He added, Dont expect me or anyone else to produce a document with Putins
signature saying Please, X, bribe Y with this amount in this way. Hes not
going to do that.
Steele might have been expected to move on once his investigation of the
bidding was concluded. But he had discovered that the corruption at FIFA was
global, and he felt that it should be addressed. The only organization that
could handle an investigation of such scope, he felt, was the F.B.I. In
2011, Steele contacted an American agent hed met who headed the Bureaus
division for serious crimes in Eurasia. Steele introduced him to his
sources, who proved essential to the ensuing investigation. In 2015, the
Justice Department indicted fourteen people in connection with a hundred and
fifty million dollars in bribes and kickbacks. One of them was Chuck Blazer,
a top FIFA official who had embezzled a fortune from the organization and
became an informant for the F.B.I. Blazer had an
eighteen-thousand-dollar-per-month apartment in Trump Tower, a few floors
down from Trumps residence.
Nobody had alleged that Trump knew of any FIFA crimes, but Steele soon came
across Trump Tower again. Several years ago, the F.B.I. hired Steele to help
crack an international gambling and money-laundering ring purportedly run by
a suspected Russian organized-crime figure named Alimzhan Tokhtakhounov. The
syndicate was based in an apartment in Trump Tower. Eventually, federal
officials indicted more than thirty co-conspirators for financial crimes.
Tokhtakhounov, though, eluded arrest, becoming a fugitive. Interpol issued a
red notice calling for his arrest. But, in the fall of 2013, he showed up
at the Miss Universe contest in Moscowand sat near the pageants owner,
Donald Trump.
It was as if all criminal roads led to Trump Tower, Steele told friends.
Burrows told me that he and Steele made a pact when they left M.I.6: We
both agreed it was a duty to alert U.K. and allied authorities if we came
across anything with national-security dimensions. It comes from a very long
government service. We still have that ethos of wanting to do the right
thing by our authorities.
By working with law-enforcement authorities on investigations, Steele has
kept a foot in his former life. Some critics have questioned the propriety
of this. Lindsey Graham recently argued, in the Washington Post, You can be
an F.B.I. informant. You can be a political operative. But you cant be
both, particularly at the same time.
Burrows said that on several occasions Orbis had warned authorities about
major security threats. Three years ago, a trusted Middle Eastern source
told Orbis that a group of isis militants were using the flow of refugees
from Syria to infiltrate Europe. Orbis shared the information with
associates who relayed the intelligence to German security officials.
Several months later, when a concert hall in Paris, the Bataclan, was
attacked by terrorists, Burrows and Steele felt remorse at not having
notified French authorities as well. When Steele took his suspicions about
Trump to the F.B.I. in the summer of 2016, it was in keeping with Orbis
protocol, rather than a politically driven aberration.
Even before Steele became involved in the U.S. Presidential campaign, he was
convinced that the Kremlin was interfering in Western elections. In April of
2016, not long before he took on the Fusion assignment, he finished a secret
investigation, which he called Project Charlemagne, for a private client. It
involved a survey of Russian interference in the politics of four members of
the European UnionFrance, Italy, the United Kingdom, and Germanyalong with
Turkey, a candidate for membership. The report chronicles persistent,
aggressive political interference by the Kremlin: social-media warfare aimed
at inflaming fear and prejudice, and opaque financial support given to
favored politicians in the form of bank loans, gifts, and other kinds of
support. The report discusses the Kremlins entanglement with the former
Italian Prime Minister Silvio Berlusconi and the French right-wing leader
Marine Le Pen. (Le Pen and Berlusconi deny having had such ties.) It also
suggests that Russian aid was likely given to lesser-known right-wing
nationalists in the United Kingdom and elsewhere. The Kremlins long-term
aim, the report concludes, was to boost extremist groups and politicians at
the expense of Europes liberal democracies. The more immediate goal was to
destroy the E.U., in order to end the punishing economic sanctions that
the E.U. and the U.S. had imposed on Russia after its 2014 political and
military interference in Ukraine.
Although the reports language was dry, and many of the details familiar to
anyone who had been watching Russia closely, Project Charlemagne was the
equivalent of a flashing red light. It warned that Russian intelligence
services were becoming more strategic and increasingly disruptive. Russian
interference in foreign elections, it cautioned, was only likely to grow in
size and reach over time.
***
In the spring of 2016, Steele got a call from Glenn Simpson, a former
investigative reporter for the Wall Street Journal who, in 2011, had left
journalism to co-found Fusion GPS. Simpson was hoping that Steele could help
Fusion follow some difficult leads on Trumps ties to Russia. Simpson said
that he was working for a law firm, but didnt name the ultimate client.
The funding for the project originally came from an organization financed by
the New York investor Paul Singer, a Republican who disliked Trump. But,
after it became clear that Trump would win the Republican nomination, Singer
dropped out. At that point, Fusion persuaded Marc Elias, the general counsel
for the Clinton campaign, to subsidize the unfinished research. This
bipartisan funding history belies the argument that the research was
corrupted by its sponsorship.
Steele and Simpson had previously worked together, and they shared a mutual
fascination with Russian oligarchs and international organized crime. They
had symbiotic approaches. Fusion focussed on open-source
researchmind-numbing dives into the fine print of public records. Steeles
specialty was gathering intelligence from informed sources, many of them
Russian.
One question particularly gnawed at Simpson. Why had Trump repeatedly gone
to Russia in search of business, yet returned empty-handed? Steele was
tantalized, and took the job, thinking that hed find evidence of a few
dodgy deals, and not much else. He evidently didnt consider the danger of
poking into a Presidential candidates darkest secrets. Hes just got
blinkers, Steeles longtime friend told me. He doesnt put his head in the
oven so much as not see the oven.
Within a few weeks, two or three of Steeles long-standing collectors came
back with reports drawn from Orbiss larger network of sources. Steele
looked at the material and, according to people familiar with the matter,
asked himself, Oh, my Godwhat is this? He called in Burrows, who was
normally unflappable. Burrows realized that they had a problem. As Simpson
later put it, We threw out a line in the water, and Moby-Dick came back.
Steeles sources claimed that the F.S.B. could easily blackmail Trump, in
part because it had videos of him engaging in perverted sexual acts in
Russia. The sources said that when Trump had stayed in the Presidential
suite of Moscows Ritz-Carlton hotel, in 2013, he had paid a number of
prostitutes to perform a golden showers (urination) show in front of him,
thereby defiling a bed that Barack and Michelle Obama had slept in during a
state visit. The allegation was attributed to four sources, but their
reports were secondhandnobody had witnessed the event or tracked down a
prostitute, and one spoke generally about embarrassing material. Two
sources were unconnected to the others, but the remaining two could have
spoken to each other. In the reports Steele had collected, the names of the
sources were omitted, but they were described as a former top-level Russian
intelligence officer still active inside the Kremlin, a member of the
staff at the hotel, a female staffer at the hotel when Trump had stayed
there, and a close associate of Trump who had organized and managed his
recent trips to Moscow.
More significant, in hindsight, than the sexual details were claims that the
Kremlin and Trump were politically colluding in the 2016 campaign. The
Russians were described as having cultivated Trump and traded favors with
him for at least 5 years. Putin was described as backing Trump in order to
sow discord and disunity both within the U.S. and within the transatlantic
alliance. The report claimed that, although Trump had not signed any
real-estate-development deals, he and his top associates had repeatedly
accepted intelligence from the Kremlin on Hillary Clinton and other
political rivals. The allegations were astoundingand improbable. They could
constitute treason even if they were only partly true.
According to people familiar with the matter, as Steele began to assemble
the first of seventeen memos, which became the dossier, Burrows expressed
reservations about including the golden-showers allegation. He had a
cautious temperament, and worried about the impact that the sensational item
might have. But Steele argued that it would be dishonest and distorting to
cherry-pick details, and that the possibility of a potential American
President being subject to blackmail was too important to hide. Thats
classic Steele, his longtime friend told me. Hes so straight.
In a fateful decision, Steele chose to include everything. People familiar
with the matter say that Steele knew he could either shred the incendiary
information or carry on. If he kept investigating, and then alerted
officials who he thought should know about his findings, he feared that his
lifeand, indeed, the life of anyone who touched the dossierwould never be
the same.
At the time, Steele figured that almost nobody would ever see the raw
intelligence. The credibility of Steeles dossier has been much debated, but
few realize that it was a compilation of contemporaneous interviews rather
than a finished product. Orbis was just a subcontractor, and Steele and
Burrows reasoned that Fusion could, if it wished, process the findings into
an edited report for the ultimate client. So Orbis left it up to Fusion to
make the judgment calls about what to leave in, and to decide whether to add
caveats and source notes of the kind that accompany most government
intelligence reports.
John Sipher spent twenty-eight years as a clandestine officer in the C.I.A.,
and ran the agencys Russia program before retiring, in 2014. He said of
Steeles memos, This is source material, not expert opinion. Sipher has
described the dossier as generally credible, although not correct in every
detail. He said, People have misunderstood that its a collection of dots,
not a connecting of the dots. But it provided the first narrative saying
what Russia might be up to. Alexander Vershbow, a U.S. Ambassador to Russia
under George W. Bush, told me, In intelligence, you evaluate your sources
as best you can, but its not like journalism, where you try to get more
than one source to confirm something. In the intelligence business, you
dont pretend youre a hundred per cent accurate. If youre seventy or
eighty per cent accurate, that makes you one of the best.
***
On June 24, 2016, Steeles fifty-second birthday, Simpson called, asking him
to submit the dossier. The previous day, the U.K. had voted to withdraw from
the E.U., and Steele was feeling wretched about it. Few had thought that
Brexit was possible. An upset victory by Trump no longer seemed out of the
question. Steele was so nervous about maintaining secrecy and protecting his
sources that he sent a courier by plane to Washington to hand-deliver a copy
of the dossier. The couriers copy left the sources redacted, providing
instead descriptions of them that enabled Fusion to assess their basic
credibility. Steele feared that, for some of his Russian sources, exposure
would be a death sentence.
Steele also felt a duty to get the information to the F.B.I. Although Trump
has tweeted that the dossier was all cooked up by Hillary Clinton, Steele
approached the Bureau on his own. According to Simpsons sworn testimony to
the House Intelligence Committee, Steele told him in June, 2016, that he
wanted to alert the U.S. government, and explained, Im a former
intelligence officer, and were your closest ally. Simpson testified that
he asked to think about it for a few days; when Steele brought it up again,
Simpson relented. As Simpson told the Senate Judiciary Committee, Lets be
clear. This was not considered by me to be part of the work we were doing.
This was like youre driving to work and you see something happen and you
call 911. Steele, he said, felt professionally obligated to do it.
Simpson went along, he testified, because Steele was the national-security
expert, whereas he was merely an ex-journalist.
The Pulitzer Prize-winning historian David Garrow has questioned Steeles
motives in the Wall Street Journal, calling him a paid operative spreading
partisan gossip. He told me that Steeles whistle-blowing seemed
self-dramatizing, adding, We see Steele viewing himself as a historically
important person. He believes he has unique knowledge that he must warn the
world about. As a historian who has written critically about the F.B.I.s
persecution of Martin Luther King, Jr., Garrow is troubled by Steeles
zealousness. In this secret-agent world, theres a desire to maximize their
importance, Garrow said. Its as if all these guys wanted to play
themselves in the movies.
But Mark Medish, a former director of Russian affairs at the National
Security Council, told me that if Steele had not shared his findings, he
might have been accused of dereliction or a coverup. He added, It takes
courage to deliver bad news, particularly when the stakes are so high. And
Senator Whitehouse described Steeles actions as akin to warning the F.B.I.
about a physical detonation of some sort, noting, If it had gone off, and
he or the F.B.I. had ignored it, heads would roll.
Regardless of what others might think, its clear that Steele believed that
his dossier was filled with important intelligence. Otherwise, he would
never have subjected it, his firm, and his reputation to the harsh scrutiny
of the F.B.I. Im impressed that he was willing to share it with the
F.B.I., Sipher said. That gives him real credibility to me, the notion
that hed give it to the best intelligence professionals in the world.
On July 5, 2016, Steele went to his London office and met with the F.B.I.
agent with whom hed worked on the FIFA case. The agent responded to the
first memo in the dossier, Steele has said, with shock and horror. Simpson
knew that Steele had informed the F.B.I., but he has said that, amid the
tumult of the 2016 campaign, it more or less slipped his mind. (In testimony
before the Senate Judiciary Committee, he recalled asking himself, I wonder
what the F.B.I. did? Whoopshavent heard from them.) As the summer went
on, there was little indication that the F.B.I. was paying much attention,
either.
For all the Republicans talk of a top-down Democratic plot, Steele and
Simpson appear never to have told their ultimate clientthe Clinton
campaigns law firmthat Steele had gone to the F.B.I. Clintons campaign
spent much of the summer of 2016 fending off stories about the Bureaus
investigation into her e-mails, without knowing that the F.B.I. had launched
a counter-intelligence investigation into the Trump teams ties to
Russiaone fuelled, in part, by the Clinton campaigns own opposition
research. As a top Clinton-campaign official told me, If Id known the
F.B.I. was investigating Trump, I would have been shouting it from the
rooftops!
***
At virtually the same time that Steele told the F.B.I. about Russias
interference in the 2016 Presidential campaign, the Kremlin was
engagedwithout his knowledgein at least two other schemes to pass
compromising information about Hillary Clinton to Trumps inner circle.
The first scheme involved the Trump foreign-policy adviser George
Papadopoulos. In April, 2016, over drinks with an Australian diplomat at a
London bar, he divulged that Russia had access to thousands of Clinton
e-mails. The diplomat informed his supervisors of this bizarre-sounding
claim, but Papadopoulos was young and inexperienced, and the Australians
didnt give it much weight.
The second scheme unfolded at Trump Tower in New York. On June 9, 2016, top
members of Trumps campaignincluding Donald Trump, Jr., Paul Manafort, and
Jared Kushnerhad a private meeting on the twenty-fifth floor with Natalia
Veselnitskaya, a Russian lawyer. The attendees had been promised that she
would present them with dirt Moscow had collected on Hillary Clinton. The
meeting was set up after Donald, Jr., was approached by an emissary close to
the Agalarov familyAzerbaijani oligarchs with whom Trump had partnered on
the 2013 Miss Universe pageant, in Moscow. In an e-mail, the emissary
promised Donald, Jr., that the documents would incriminate Hillary and her
dealings with Russia and would be very useful to your father, and described
this gift as part of Russia and its governments support for Mr. Trump.
Instead of going to the F.B.I., as Steele had, Trumps older son responded
giddily to the e-mail: If its what you say I love it especially later in
the summer.
Donald, Jr., and the other participants insist that nothing of consequence
happened at the Trump Tower meeting: Veselnitskaya expressed frustration
with U.S. sanctions on Russia, but offered no information on Clinton. A
number of former intelligence officers, however, believe that the meeting,
which happened soon after Papadopouloss encounter with the Australian
diplomat, enhances the dossiers credibility. John McLaughlin, the deputy
director of the C.I.A. from 2000 until 2004, told me, I havent formed a
final thought, but clearly parts of it are starting to resonate with what we
know to be true about the Russians willingness to deliver information
harmful to Hillary Clinton.
Furthermore, Steeles dossier had highlighted the Agalarov familys
connection with Trump. Ten months before the Times reported on the Trump
Tower meeting, exposing the role of the Agalarov familys emissary in
setting it up, one of Steeles memos had suggested that an Azeri business
associate of Trump, Araz AGALAROV, will know the details of bribes and
sexual activities that Trump had allegedly engaged in while visiting St.
Petersburg. (A lawyer for the Agalarovs denies these claims.)
On June 14, 2016, five days after the Trump Tower meeting, the Washington
Post broke the news that the Russians were believed to have hacked into the
Democratic National Committees e-mail system. The first reports were
remarkably blasé. D.N.C. officials admitted that they had learned about the
hack months earlier. (It later surfaced that in November of 2014 Dutch
intelligence officials had provided U.S. authorities with evidence that the
Russians had broken into the Democratic Partys computer system. U.S.
officials reportedly thanked the Dutch for the tip, sending cake and
flowers, but took little action.) When the infiltration of the D.N.C.
finally became public, various officials were quoted as saying that the
Russians were always trying to penetrate U.S. government systems, and were
likely just trying to understand American politics better.
The attitudes of Democratic officials changed drastically when, three days
before the start of the Democratic National Convention in Philadelphia,
WikiLeaks dumped twenty thousand stolen D.N.C. e-mails onto the Internet.
The e-mails had been weaponized: what had seemed a passive form of spying
was now an active measure, in the parlance of espionage. The leaked
e-mails, some of which suggested that the D.N.C. had secretly favored
Clintons candidacy over that of Bernie Sanders, appeared just when the
Party was trying to unify its supporters. The Partys chair, Debbie
Wasserman Schultz, was forced to resign, and recriminations and
demonstrations disrupted the Convention.
Trumps response was exultant. He said, If it is Russiawhich its probably
not, nobody knows who it isbut if it is . . . Russia, if youre listening,
I hope youre able to find the thirty thousand e-mails that are missing. I
think you will probably be rewarded mightily by our press. His campaign
later described these comments as a joke.
At this point, a Clinton foreign-policy adviser, Laura Rosenberger, who had
held various positions at the National Security Council and at the State
Department during the Bush and Obama Administrations, grew seriously
alarmed. Shed already noticed that Trump had pro-Russian positions on many
issues, which seemed to her to be inexplicably outside the Republican
mainstream. Shed also been struck by Trumps hiring of Paul Manafort, who
had worked as a political consultant for pro-Kremlin forces in Ukraine.
Trumps team then appeared to play a role in modifying the G.O.P. platform
so that it better reflected Russias position on Ukraine policy. It was all
beginning to snowball, she told me. And then, with the e-mail leaks, it
was, like, Oh, fuckexcuse my Frenchwe are under attack! That was the
moment when, as a national-security adviser, you break into sweats.
Rosenberger, meanwhile, had no idea that the Clinton campaign had indirectly
employed a Russia expert: Steele. Orbiss work was sealed off, behind a
legal barrier. Marc Elias, the attorney at Perkins Coie who was serving as
the Clinton campaigns general counsel, acted as a firewall between the
campaign and the private investigators digging up information on Trump. Its
a common practice for law firms to hire investigators on behalf of clients,
so that any details can be protected by attorney-client privilege. Fusion
briefed only Elias on the reports. Simpson sent Elias nothing on paperhe
was briefed orally. Elias, according to people familiar with the matter, was
flabbergasted by the dossier but wasnt sure what to do with the
allegations. Sex stuff is kind of worthless in a campaign, Simpson told
me. In the absence of live accusers or documentary evidence, such material
is easy to dismiss, and can make the purveyor look sleazy.
At the same time, the financial machinations described in Steeles reports
were complex, and difficult to confirm: YANUKOVYCH had confided in PUTIN
that he did authorise and order substantial kick-back payments to MANAFORT
as alleged but sought to reassure him that there was no documentary trail
left behind. (Manafort has denied this.) Elias broadly summarized some of
the information to top campaign officials, including the campaign manager,
Robby Mook, but Elias found much of the Kremlinology abstruse. He was more
interested in finding actionable intelligence on the people who had
exfiltrated the Democrats internal e-mails, and how to stop them.
Mook told me, The problem with the Russia story is that people just werent
buying it. Today, its, like, Of course! But back then people thought that
we were just desperately peddling conspiracy theories. After the D.N.C.s
e-mails were hacked, Mook went on TV talk shows and pointed the finger at
Russia, but, he says, his comments were often dismissed as spin. On Jake
Tappers State of the Union, he declared, Whats disturbing to us is that
experts are telling us that Russian state actors broke into the D.N.C.,
stole these e-mails, and other experts are now saying that the Russians are
releasing these e-mails for the purpose of actually helping Donald Trump.
Tapper then interviewed Donald Trump, Jr., who ridiculed Mooks accusation
as disgusting and phonyeven though its now known that, just a few
weeks earlier, he had met at Trump Tower with a Russian offering dirt on
Clinton.
***
That summer, Steele noticed a few small news items further connecting
Trumps circle to Russia. On July 7, 2016, two days after Steele met in
London with the F.B.I., Carter Page, a Trump foreign-policy adviser,
travelled to Moscow, on a campaign-approved visit, and delivered a lecture
at the prestigious New Economic School. Pages remarks were head-turning. He
criticized Washington and other Western capitals for their often
hypocritical focus on ideas such as democratization, inequality, corruption,
and regime change.
Page was an odd choice for Trump. In New York in 2013, two Russian
intelligence operatives had attempted to recruit Page, an oil-industry
consultant, although wiretaps revealed that one of the operatives had
described him as an idiot. The F.B.I. later indicted the two Russian
spies, and warned Page that the Kremlin was trying to recruit him, but he
continued to pursue oil-and-gas deals in Russia. Ian Bremmer, the president
of the Eurasia Group, a risk-consulting firm where Page had previously
worked, said that Page had become a pro-Kremlin wackadoodle.
Steele didnt know it, but U.S. authorities were independently monitoring
Page. According to the recently released report by the Democratic minority
on the House Intelligence Committee, the F.B.I. had interviewed Page about
his contacts with Russian officials in March, 2016the same month that Trump
named him an adviser.
When Page gave his Moscow lecture, he declined to answer questions from the
audience about whether he would be meeting Russian officials. Soon
afterward, Steele filed another memo to Fusion, alleging that Page had
indeed met with Russians close to Putin, as part of an ongoing effort by the
Russians to cultivate sympathetic Trump aides. Steeles sources claimed that
one person Page had met with was Igor Sechin, the C.E.O. of the oil giant
Rosneft. Sechin had purportedly proposed to Page increasing U.S.-Russian
energy coöperation in exchange for lifting the Ukraine-related sanctions on
Russia. Page, the dossier said, had reacted positively but had been
non-committal. (Rosneft declined to comment. Page told me, Steele got
everything wrong as it relates to me.)
A subsequent Steele memo claimed that Sechin was so eager to get U.S.
sanctions lifted that, as an incentive, he offered Page the opportunity to
help sell a stake of Rosneft to investors. Steeles memo also alleged that
while Page was in Russia he met with a top Kremlin official, Igor Diveykin,
who floated the idea of leaking Russian kompromat on Clinton, in order to
boost Trumps candidacy. According to Steeles memos, the damaging material
on Clinton was political, not personal, and had been gathered partly from
Russian intercepts.
Page has denied any wrongdoing. In a congressional interview in November,
2017, he initially said that he had not met with any Russian officials
during his July trip. But, according to the Democrats recent Intelligence
Committee report, when Page was confronted with evidence he was forced to
admit that he had met with a top Kremlin official, after all, as well as
with a Rosneft executiveSechins close associate Andrey Baranov. The
dossier may or may not have erred in its naming of specific officials, but
it was clearly prescient in its revelation that during the Presidential
campaign a covert relationship had been established between Page and
powerful Russians who wanted U.S. sanctions lifted. Trump and his advisers
have repeatedly denied having colluded with Russians. But, in Steeles
telling, the Russians were clearly offering Trump secret political help.
Steeles memos describe two other Trump advisers as sympathetic to Russia:
Paul Manafort, then the campaign manager, and Michael Flynn, an adviser whom
Trump later appointed his national-security adviser. Flynn resigned from
that post almost immediately, after it was revealed that he had engaged in
conversations with the Russian Ambassador, Sergey Kislyak, about U.S.
sanctions that Obama had imposed before leaving office. Flynn has become a
central figure in Muellers investigation, having pleaded guilty to lying to
the F.B.I. about his conversations with Kislyak.
***
On July 26, 2016, after WikiLeaks disseminated the D.N.C. e-mails, Steele
filed yet another memo, this time claiming that the Kremlin was behind the
hacking, which was part of a Russian cyber war against Hillary Clintons
campaign. Many of the details seemed far-fetched: Steeles sources claimed
that the digital attack involved agents within the Democratic Party
structure itself, as well as Russian émigrés in the U.S. and associated
offensive cyber operators.
Neither of these claims has been substantiated, and its hard to imagine
that they will be. But one of the dossiers other seemingly outlandish
assertionsthat the hack involved state-sponsored cyber operatives working
in Russiahas been buttressed. According to Special Counsel Muellers
recent indictment of thirteen Russian nationals, Kremlin-backed operatives,
hiding behind fake and stolen identities, posed as Americans on Facebook and
Twitter, spreading lies and fanning ethnic and religious hatred with the aim
of damaging Clinton and helping Trump. The Kremlin apparently spent about a
million dollars a month to fund Internet trolls working round-the-clock
shifts in a run-down office building in St. Petersburg. Their tactics were
similar to those outlined in Steeles Charlemagne investigation, including
spreading falsehoods designed to turn voters toward extremism. The Russian
operation also involved political activism inside the U.S., including the
organizing of bogus pro-Trump rallies.
In England, Steele kept cranking out memos, but he was growing anxious about
the lack of response from the F.B.I. As the summer wore on, he confided in
an American friend, Jonathan Winer, a Democratic lawyer and foreign-policy
specialist who was working at the State Department. Steele told him that
Orbis sources had come across unsettling information about Trumps ties to
Russia. Winer recalls Steele saying that he was more certain of it than
about any information hed gotten before in his life. Winer told me, Chris
was deeply disturbed that the Kremlin was infecting our country. By hacking
our computers and using WikiLeaks to disseminate the informationit was an
infection. He thought it would have really bad consequences for the U.S. and
the U.K., for starters. He thought it would destabilize these countries. He
wanted the U.S. government to know. Hes a very institution-oriented
person.
During the previous two years, Steele had been sending Winer informal
reports, gratis, about raw intelligence that hed picked up on Ukraine and
related areas while working for commercial clients. Winer, who encouraged
Steele to keep sending the reports, estimated that he had received more than
a hundred and twenty of them by 2016. He and others at the State Department
found the research full of insights. Winer recalls Victoria Nuland, the top
official overseeing U.S. policy on Russia, expressing surprise at how timely
Steeles reports were. A former top State Department official who read them
said, We found the reports about eighty per cent consistent with other
sources we had. Occasionally, his sources appeared to exaggerate their
knowledge or influence. But Steele also highlighted some players and back
channels between Russia and Ukraine who became important later. So the
reports had value.
In September, 2016, Steele briefed Winer on the dossier at a Washington
hotel. Winer prepared a two-page summary and shared it with a few senior
State Department officials. Among them were Nuland and Jon Finer, the
director of policy planning and the chief of staff to Secretary of State
John Kerry. For several days, Finer weighed whether or not to burden Kerry
with the information. Hed found the summary highly disturbing, but he
didnt know how to assess its claims. Eventually, he decided that, since
others knew, his boss should know, too.
When Kerry was briefed, though, he didnt think there was any action that he
could take. He asked if F.B.I. agents knew about the dossier, and, after
being assured that they did, that was apparently the end of it. Finer agreed
with Kerrys assessment, and put the summary in his safe, and never took it
out again. Nulands reaction was much the same. She told Winer to tell
Steele to take his dossier to the F.B.I. The so-called Deep State, it seems,
hardly jumped into action against Trump.
No one wanted to touch it, Winer said. Obama Administration officials were
mindful of the Hatch Act, which forbids government employees to use their
positions to influence political elections. The State Department officials
didnt know who was funding Steeles research, but they could see how
politically explosive it was. So they backed away.
Steele believed that the Russians were engaged in the biggest electoral
crime in U.S. history, and wondered why the F.B.I. and the State Department
didnt seem to be taking the threat seriously. Likening it to the attack on
Pearl Harbor, he felt that President Obama needed to make a speech to alert
the country. He also thought that Obama should privately warn Putin that
unless he stopped meddling the U.S. would retaliate with a cyberattack so
devastating it would shut Russia down.
Steele wasnt aware that by August, 2016, a similar debate was taking place
inside the Obama White House and the U.S. intelligence agencies. According
to an article by the Washington Post, that month the C.I.A. sent what the
paper described as an intelligence bombshell to President Obama, warning
him that Putin was directly involved in a Russian cyber campaign aimed at
disrupting the Presidential electionand helping Trump win. Robert Hannigan,
then the head of the U.K.s intelligence service the G.C.H.Q., had recently
flown to Washington and briefed the C.I.A.s director, John Brennan, on a
stream of illicit communications between Trumps team and Moscow that had
been intercepted. (The content of these intercepts has not become public.)
But, as the Post noted, the C.I.A.s assessment that the Russians were
interfering specifically to boost Trump was not yet accepted by other
intelligence agencies, and it wasnt until days before the Inauguration that
major U.S. intelligence agencies had unanimously endorsed this view.
In the meantime, the White House was unsure how to respond. Earlier this
year, at the Council on Foreign Relations, former Vice-President Joe Biden
revealed that, after Presidential daily briefings, he and Obama would sit
there and ask each other, What the hell are we going to do? The U.S.
eventually sent a series of stern messages to the Russians, the most pointed
of which took place when Obama pulled Putin aside on September 5th, at a G20
summit in China, and reportedly warned him, Better stop, or else.
But Obama and his top advisers did not want to take any action against
Russia that might provoke a cyber war. And because it was so close to the
election, they were wary about doing anything that could be construed as a
ploy to help Clinton. All along, Trump had dismissed talk of Russian
interference as a hoax, claiming that no one really knew who had hacked the
D.N.C.: it could have been China, he said, or a guy from New Jersey, or
somebody sitting on their bed that weighs four hundred pounds. Trump had
also warned his supporters that the election would be rigged against him,
and Obama and his top aides were loath to further undermine the publics
faith.
In early September, 2016, Obama tried to get congressional leaders to issue
a bipartisan statement condemning Russias meddling in the election. He
reasoned that if both parties signed on the statement couldnt be attacked
as political. The intelligence community had recently informed the Gang of
Eightthe leaders of both parties and the ranking representatives on the
Senate and House Intelligence Committeesthat Russia was acting on behalf of
Trump. But one Gang of Eight member, Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell,
expressed skepticism about the Russians role, and refused to sign a
bipartisan statement condemning Russia. After that, Obama, instead of
issuing a statement himself, said nothing.
Steele anxiously asked his American counterparts what else could be done to
alert the country. One option was to go to the press. Simpson wasnt all
that worried, though. As he recalled in his subsequent congressional
testimony, We were operating under the assumption at that time that Hillary
Clinton was going to win the election, and so there was no urgency to it.
Contemporaneous F.B.I. text messages disclosed recently by the Wall Street
Journal reflect a similar complacency. In August, 2016, two F.B.I.
employees, Lisa Page and Peter Strzok, texted about investigating possible
collusion between Trump and the Russians. OMG I CANNOT BELIEVE WE ARE
SERIOUSLY LOOKING AT THESE ALLEGATIONS AND THE PERVASIVE CONNECTIONS,
Strzok wrote. Page suggested that they could take their time, because there
was little reason to worry that Clinton would lose. But Strzok disagreed,
warning that they should push ahead, anyway, as an insurance policy in
case Trump was electedlike the unlikely event you die before youre 40.
When excerpts of these texts first became public, Trump defenders such as
Trey Gowdy seized on them as proof that the F.B.I. had schemed to devise an
insurance policy to keep Trump from getting elected. But a reading of the
full text chain makes it clear that the agents were discussing whether or
not they needed to focus urgently on investigating collusion.
In late summer, Fusion set up a series of meetings, at the Tabard Inn, in
Washington, between Steele and a handful of national-security reporters.
These encounters were surely sanctioned in some way by Fusions client, the
Clinton campaign. The sessions were off the record, but because Steele has
since disclosed having participated in them I can confirm that I attended
one of them. Despite Steeles generally cool manner, he seemed distraught
about the Russians role in the election. He did not distribute his dossier,
provided no documentary evidence, and was so careful about guarding his
sources that there was virtually no way to follow up. At the time, neither
The New Yorker nor any other news organization ran a story about the
allegations.
Inevitably, though, word of the dossier began to spread through Washington.
A former State Department official recalls a social gathering where he
danced around the subject with the British Ambassador, Sir Kim Darroch.
After exchanging cryptic hints, to make sure that they were both in the
know, he asked the Ambassador, Is this guy Steele legit? The Ambassador
replied, Absolutely. Brennan, then the C.I.A. director, also heard the
rumors. (Nunes reportedly plans to examine Steeles interactions with the
C.I.A. and the State Department next.) But Brennan said recently, on Meet
the Press, that he heard just snippets about the dossier in press
circles, emphasizing that he didnt see the dossier until well after the
election, and said that it did not play any role whatsoever in the
intelligence communitys appraisal of Russian election meddling. Brennan
said of the dossier, It was up to the F.B.I. to see whether or not they
could verify any of it.
It wasnt until October 7, 2016, that anyone in the Obama Administration
spoke publicly about Russias interference. James Clapper, Obamas director
of National Intelligence, and Jeh Johnson, the head of the Department of
Homeland Security, issued a joint statement saying that the U.S.
intelligence community was confident that Russia had directed the hacking
of the Democratic National Committees e-mails. James Comey, then the F.B.I.
director, had reportedly changed his mind about issuing a public statement,
deciding that it was too close to the election to make such a politically
charged assertion.
In a normal political climate, the U.S. governments announcement that a
foreign power had attacked one of the two dominant parties in the midst of a
Presidential election would have received enormous attention. But it was
almost instantly buried by two other shocking news events. Thirty minutes
after the statement was released, the Washington Post brought to light the
Access Hollywood tape, in which Trump describes how his celebrity status
had allowed him to grab women by the pussy. A few hours after that,
WikiLeaks, evidently in an effort to bail out Trump by changing the subject,
started posting the private e-mails of John Podesta, Clintons campaign
chairman. The intelligence communitys assessment was barely noticed.
***
Steele finally met again with the F.B.I. in early October of 2016. This
time, he went to Rome to speak with a team of agents, who avidly asked him
for everything he had. The news generated by the publication of the D.N.C.
e-mails had triggered the change. It had led the Australians to reconsider
the importance of George Papadopouloss claims, and to alert American
authorities. On July 31, 2016, the F.B.I. had launched a formal
investigation.
The agents asked Steele about Papadopoulos, and he said that he hadnt heard
anything about him. After the meeting, Steele told Simpson that the Bureau
had been amassing other intelligence about Russias scheme. As Simpson
later told the Senate Judiciary Committee, F.B.I. agents now believed
Chriss information might be credible. Although the Bureau had paid Steele
for past work, he was not paid for his help on the Trump investigation.
Orbis remained under contract to Fusion, and Steele helped the F.B.I.
voluntarily. (He did request compensation for travelling to Rome, but he
never received any.)
Soon after the meeting in Rome, the F.B.I. successfully petitioned the
Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court for a warrant to spy on Carter Page.
Trumps defenders have accused the Bureau of relying on politically
motivated smears to spy on Trumps campaign, but by then Page was no longer
an adviser to Trump, and the F.B.I. had collected information in addition to
what had been supplied by Steele.
The Bureau encouraged Steele to send any relevant information he came
across, and that October he passed on a questionable itema bit of amateur
sleuthing that had been done by someone hed never met, a former journalist
and self-styled investigator named Cody Shearer. Jonathan Winer, Steeles
friend at the State Department, had shared with him an unfinished memo
written by Shearer. Not only did it claim that the F.S.B. had incriminating
videotapes of Trump having sex in Moscow; it also made wild allegations that
leaders of former Soviet states had given huge payments to Trump family
members. Steele wasnt aware that Shearer had longtime ties to the Clintons,
as did Sidney Blumenthal, a Clinton ally, who had given Shearers report to
Winer. Steele had never met Blumenthal, either, but he dutifully jotted down
the chain of custody on the cover of the report before sending it on to the
F.B.I., with the caveat that he couldnt vouch for its credibility. He
noted, though, that some of the findings were remarkably similar to
Orbiss.
Trumps defenders have seized on the Shearer memo, which Steele didnt
write, using it to argue that Steeles research was politically tainted by
the Clintons. Sean Hannitys official Web site carried the inaccurate
headline CHRISTOPHER STEELE AUTHORED ANOTHER DOSSIER, USED CLINTON
CONTACTS.
As the election approached, the relationship between Steele and the F.B.I.
grew increasingly tense. He couldnt understand why the government wasnt
publicizing Trumps ties to Russia. He was anguished that the American
voting public remained in the dark. Steele confided in a longtime friend at
the Justice Department, an Associate Deputy Attorney General, Bruce Ohr
(whose wife, Nellie Ohr, was briefly a contractor for Fusion). In a memo to
the F.B.I., Bruce Ohr recalled Steele saying that, given what he had
discovered, he was desperate that Donald Trump not get elected and was
passionate about him not being President. According to people familiar with
the matter, Ohr and other officials urged Steele not to be so upset about
the F.B.I.s secrecy, assuring him that, in the U.S., potentially
prejudicial investigations of political figures were always kept quiet,
especially when an election was imminent.
Steele was therefore shocked when, on October 28, 2016, Comey sent a letter
to congressional leaders: the F.B.I. had come across new e-mails bearing on
its previously closed investigation into Hillary Clintons use of a private
server as Secretary of State. He said that these e-mails required immediate
review. The announcement plunged Clintons campaign into chaos. Two days
before the election, Comey made a second announcement, clearing her of
wrongdoing, but by that point her campaigns momentum had stalled.
To Steele, the F.B.I., by making an incriminating statement so close to
Election Day, seemed to be breaking a rule that hed been told was
inviolable. And, given what heand very few othersknew about the F.B.I.s
Trump investigation, it also seemed that the Bureau had one standard for
Clinton and another for her opponent. Chris was concerned that something
was happening at the F.B.I., Simpson later told the House Intelligence
Committee. We were very concerned that the information that we had about
the Russians trying to interfere in the election was going to be covered
up. Simpson and Steele thought that it would only be fair if the world
knew that both candidates were under investigation.
At Fusions urging, Steele decided to speak, on background, to the press.
Identified only as a former Western intelligence officer, he told David
Corn, of Mother Jones, that he had provided information to the F.B.I. as
part of a pretty substantial inquiry into Trumps ties to Russia. He
noted, This is something of huge significance, way above party politics.
The F.B.I., which had hoped to protect its ongoing probe from public view,
was furious. Nunes, in his memo, claimed that Steele was suspended and then
terminated as a source. In reality, the break was mutual, precipitated by
Steeles act of conscience.
Inside the Clinton campaign, John Podesta, the chairman, was stunned by the
news that the F.B.I. had launched a full-blown investigation into Trump,
especially one that was informed by research underwritten by the Clinton
campaign. Podesta had authorized Robby Mook, the campaign manager, to handle
budget matters, and Mook had approved Perkins Coies budget request for
opposition research without knowing who was producing it. Podesta and Mook
have maintained that they had no idea a former foreign intelligence officer
was on the Democrats payroll until the Mother Jones article appeared, and
that they didnt read the dossier until BuzzFeed posted it online. Far from
a secret campaign weapon, Steele turned out to be a secret kept from the
campaign.
***
On November 8, 2016, Steele stayed up all night, watching the U.S. election
returns. Trumps surprise victory hit Orbis hard. A staff memo went out
forgiving anyone who wanted to stay home and hide under his duvet. The news
had one immediate consequence for Steele. He believed that Trump now posed a
national-security threat to his country, too. He soon shared his research
with a senior British official. The official carefully went through the
details with Steele, but it isnt clear whether the British government acted
on his information.
The election was over, but Steele kept trying to alert American authorities.
Later that November, he authorized a trusted mentorSir Andrew Wood, a
former British Ambassador to Moscowto inform Senator John McCain of the
existence of his dossier. Wood, an unpaid informal adviser to Orbis, and
Steele agreed that McCain, the hawkish chair of the Senate Armed Services
Committee, should know what was going on. Wood told me, It was simply a
matter of duty. Steele had gone to him before the election for counsel.
Theyd discussed the possibility that Steeles sources in Russia were wrong,
or spreading disinformation, but concluded that none of them had a motive to
lie; moreover, they had taken considerable risks to themselves to get the
truth out. I sensed he was distinctly alarmed, Wood told me. I dont
doubt his good faith at all. Its absurd for anyone to suggest he was
engaged in political tricks.
The week before Thanksgiving, Wood briefed McCain at the Halifax
International Security Forum. McCain was deeply concerned. He asked a former
aide, David Kramer, to go to England to meet Steele. Kramer, a Russia expert
who had served at the State Department, went over the dossier with Steele
for hours. After Kramer promised to share the document only with McCain,
Steele arranged for Kramer to receive a copy in Washington. But a former
national-security official who spoke with Kramer at the time told me that
one of Kramers ideas was to have McCain confront Trump with the evidence,
in the hope that Trump would resign. He would tell Trump, The Russians
have got you, the former official told me. (A lawyer for Kramer maintains
that Kramer never considered getting Trump to resign and never promised to
show the dossier only to McCain.) Ultimately, though, McCain and Kramer
agreed that McCain should take the dossier to the head of the F.B.I. On
December 9th, McCain handed Comey a copy of the dossier. The meeting lasted
less than ten minutes, because, to McCains surprise, the F.B.I. had
possessed a copy since the summer. According to the former national-security
official, when Kramer learned about the meeting his reaction was Shit, if
theyve had it all this time, why didnt they do something? Kramer then
heard that the dossier was an open secret among journalists, too. He asked,
Is there anyone in Washington who doesnt know about this?
On January 5, 2017, it became clear that at least two Washingtonians
remained in the dark about the dossier: the President and the
Vice-President. That day, in a top-secret Oval Office meeting, the chiefs of
the nations top intelligence agencies briefed Obama and Biden and some
national-security officials for the first time about the dossiers
allegation that Trumps campaign team may have colluded with the Russians.
As one person present later told me, No one understands that at the White
House we werent briefed about the F.B.I.s investigations. We had no
information on collusion. All we saw was what the Russians were doing. The
F.B.I. puts anything about Americans in a lockbox.
The main purpose of the Oval Office meeting was to run through a startling
report that the U.S. intelligence chiefs were about to release to the
public. It contained the agencies unanimous conclusion that, during the
Presidential campaign, Putin had directed a cyber campaign aimed at getting
Trump elected. But, before releasing the report, the intelligence
chiefsJames Clapper, the director of National Intelligence; Admiral Mike
Rogers, the N.S.A. director; Brennan; and Comeyshared a highly classified
version with Obama, Biden, and the other officials.
The highly classified report included a two-page appendix about the dossier.
Comey briefed the group on it. According to three former government
officials familiar with the meeting, he didnt name Steele but said that the
appendix summarized information obtained by a former intelligence officer
who had previously worked with the F.B.I. and had come forward with
troubling information. Comey laid out the dossiers allegations that there
had been numerous contacts between the Trump campaign and Russian officials,
and that there may have been deals struck between them. Comey also mentioned
some of the sexual details in the dossier, including the alleged
golden-showers kompromat.
It was chilling, the meeting participant recalls.
Obama stayed silent. All through the campaign, he and others in his
Administration had insisted on playing by the rules, and not interfering
unduly in the election, to the point that, after Trumps victory, some
critics accused them of political negligence. The Democrats, far from being
engaged in a political conspiracy with Steele, had been politically
paralyzed by their high-mindedness.
Biden asked, How seriously should we take this? Comey responded that the
F.B.I. had not corroborated the details in the dossier, but he said that
portions of it were consistent with what the U.S. intelligence community
had obtained from other channels. He also said that the F.B.I. had
confidence in the dossiers authora careful but definite
endorsementbecause it had worked not only with him but with many of his
sources and sub-sources, whose identities the Bureau knew. Hes proven
credible in the past, and so has his network, Comey said.
If this is true, this is huge! Biden exclaimed.
Someone asked how intelligence officials planned to handle the dossier with
Trump. Comey explained that hed decided to brief the President-elect about
it the next day. He would do it on his own, he said, to avoid unnecessary
embarrassment. But he thought that Trump needed to know about the dossier,
even if the allegations were false, for two reasons: it could prove
impactful if the dossier became public, and the dossier could be used as
leverage over the President-elect. Trump later suggested that Comey had
actually used the dossier to get leverage over him, but, according to the
officials familiar with the meeting, Comeys motive was to protect the
President-elect. In fact, if Comey had wanted to use the dossier as
leverage, he could have done so months earlier, before Trump was elected,
since it had been in the F.B.I.s possession.
Comeys meeting with the President-elect, in a conference room at Trump
Tower, did not go well. Neither he nor Trump has disclosed details of their
exchange, but Comey later released a public statement in which he said that
as soon as he left the building he felt compelled to memorialize in
writing what had occurred. Hed never felt the need to take such a legal
step during the Obama years. Later, when he was questioned by a Senate
panel, Comey explained that he had done so because of the nature of the
person, adding, I was honestly concerned he might lie about the nature of
our meeting. The briefing established a rocky dynamic that culminated in
Trumps dismissing Comey, and with Trump adopting a hostile posture toward
the intelligence and law-enforcement agencies investigating him.
Republican critics have accused the intelligence agencies of having blended
Steeles work with their own investigations. But the F.B.I., by relegating
the dossier to an appendix, deliberately separated it from the larger
intelligence-community report. Steele has told friends that this approach
left him exposed. The F.B.I. never asked his permission to do this. They
threw me under the bus, Steele has complained to friends.
Unsurprisingly, the salacious news leaked in no time. Four days after Comey
briefed Trump, CNN reported that the President-elect had been briefed on a
scandalous dossier supplied by a former British intelligence operative.
Almost instantly, BuzzFeed posted a copy of Steeles dossier online, arguing
that the high-level briefing made it a matter of public interest. BuzzFeed
has declined to reveal its source for the dossier, but both Orbis and Fusion
have denied supplying it. By a process of elimination, speculation has
centered on McCains aide, Kramer, who has not responded to inquiries about
it, and whose congressional testimony is sealed.
Trump immediately denounced CNNs report as fake news, and BuzzFeed as a
failing pile of garbage. He called the document crap compiled by sick
people, and at a news conference at Trump Tower he insisted that the
golden-showers episode couldnt be true, because he was very much of a
germophobe.
The day after BuzzFeed posted the dossier, the Wall Street Journal
identified Steele as its author. In England, reporters peered in his windows
and tracked down his relatives, including the siblings of his deceased wife.
Two reporters from RT, a Russian state news agency, seemed especially
aggressive in staking out his house. In response, Steele and his family went
into hiding. They reportedly left their three cats with neighbors, and
Steele grew a beard.
***
The dossiers publication caused a series of repercussions. Aleksej Gubarev,
the Russian Internet entrepreneur, sued Steele and Orbis, and also BuzzFeed,
for libel. He said the dossier falsely claimed that his companies, Webzilla
and XBT Holding, had aided the Russian hacking of the D.N.C. (Steeles
lawyers have said that the dossiers publication was unforeseen, so he
shouldnt be held responsible. BuzzFeed has argued that the content was not
libelous.) Pretrial maneuvering in the libel case has resulted in a court
ordering Gubarev to disclose whether he or his companies are under criminal
investigation. His answer may shed some light on the dossiers depiction of
him as a questionable character.
In Russia, there were rumors of a more primitive kind of justice taking
place. During Glenn Simpsons testimony to the Senate Judiciary Committee,
his lawyer asserted that somebodys already been killed as a result of the
publication of this dossier. Who that could be has been the subject of much
media speculation. One possibility that has been mentioned is Oleg
Erovinkin, a former F.S.B. officer and top aide to Igor Sechin, the Rosneft
president. On December 26, 2016, Erovinkin was found dead in his car. No
official cause of death has been cited. No evidence has emerged that
Erovinkin was a Steele source, and in fact Special Counsel Mueller is
believed to be investigating a different death that is possibly related to
the dossier. (A representative for Mueller declined to answer questions for
this article.) Meanwhile, around the same time that Erovinkin died, Russian
authorities charged a cybersecurity expert and two F.S.B. officers with
treason.
In the spring of 2017, after eight weeks in hiding, Steele gave a brief
statement to the media, announcing his intention of getting back to work. On
the advice of his lawyers, he hasnt spoken publicly since. But Steele
talked at length with Muellers investigators in September. It isnt known
what they discussed, but, given the seriousness with which Steele views the
subject, those who know him suspect that he shared many of his sources, and
much else, with the Mueller team.
One subject that Steele is believed to have discussed with Muellers
investigators is a memo that he wrote in late November, 2016, after his
contract with Fusion had ended. This memo, which did not surface publicly
with the others, is shorter than the rest, and is based on one source,
described as a senior Russian official. The official said that he was
merely relaying talk circulating in the Russian Ministry of Foreign Affairs,
but what hed heard was astonishing: people were saying that the Kremlin had
intervened to block Trumps initial choice for Secretary of State, Mitt
Romney. (During Romneys run for the White House in 2012, he was notably
hawkish on Russia, calling it the single greatest threat to the U.S.) The
memo said that the Kremlin, through unspecified channels, had asked Trump to
appoint someone who would be prepared to lift Ukraine-related sanctions, and
who would coöperate on security issues of interest to Russia, such as the
conflict in Syria. If what the source heard was true, then a foreign power
was exercising pivotal influence over U.S. foreign policyand an incoming
President.
As fantastical as the memo sounds, subsequent events could be said to
support it. In a humiliating public spectacle, Trump dangled the post before
Romney until early December, then rejected him. There are plenty of domestic
political reasons that Trump may have turned against Romney. Trump
loyalists, for instance, noted Romneys public opposition to Trump during
the campaign. Roger Stone, the longtime Trump aide, has suggested that Trump
was vengefully tormenting Romney, and had never seriously considered him.
(Romney declined to comment. The White House said that he was never a first
choice for the role and declined to comment about any communications that
the Trump team may have had with Russia on the subject.) In any case, on
December 13, 2016, Trump gave Rex Tillerson, the C.E.O. of ExxonMobil, the
job. The choice was a surprise to most, and a happy one in Moscow, because
Tillersons business ties with the Kremlin were long-standing and warm. (In
2011, he brokered a historic partnership between ExxonMobil and Rosneft.)
After the election, Congress imposed additional sanctions on Russia, in
retaliation for its interference, but Trump and Tillerson have resisted
enacting them.
***
Eighteen months after the dossiers publication, Steele has impassioned
detractors on both the left and the right. On the left, Stephen Cohen, a
Russia scholar and Nation contributor, has denied the existence of any
collusion between Trump and Russia, and has accused Steele of being part of
a powerful fourth branch of government, comprising intelligence agencies
whose anti-Russia and anti-Trump biases have run amok. On the right, the
Washington Examiners Byron York has championed Grassley and Grahams
criminal referral, arguing that Steele has a credibility issue, because he
purportedly lied to the F.B.I. about talking to the press. But did Steele
lie? The Justice Department has not filed charges against him. The most
serious accusation these critics make is that the F.B.I. tricked the fisa
Court into granting a warrant to spy on Trump associates on the basis of
false and politically motivated opposition research. If true, this would be
a major abuse of power. But the Bureau didnt trick the courtit openly
disclosed that Steeles funding was political. Moreover, Steeles dossier
was only part of what the fisa warrant rested on. According to the
Democrats Intelligence Committee report, the Justice Department obtained
information that corroborated Steeles reporting through multiple
independent sources.
Its too early to make a final judgment about how much of Steeles dossier
will be proved wrong, but a number of Steeles major claims have been backed
up by subsequent disclosures. His allegation that the Kremlin favored Trump
in 2016 and was offering his campaign dirt on Hillary has been borne out. So
has his claim that the Kremlin and WikiLeaks were working together to
release the D.N.C.s e-mails. Key elements of Steeles memos on Carter Page
have held up, too, including the claim that Page had secret meetings in
Moscow with Rosneft and Kremlin officials. Steele may have named the wrong
oil-company official, but, according to recent congressional disclosures, he
was correct that a top Rosneft executive talked to Page about a payoff.
According to the Democrats report, when Page was asked if a Rosneft
executive had offered him a potential sale of a significant percentage of
Rosneft, Page said, He may have briefly mentioned it.
And, just as the Kremlin allegedly feared, damaging financial details have
surfaced about Manaforts dealings with Ukraine officials. Further, his
suggestion that Trump had agreed to sideline Russian intervention in
Ukraine as a campaign issue seems to have been confirmed by the pro-Russia
changes that Trump associates made to the Republican platform. Special
Counsel Muellers various indictments of Manafort have also strengthened
aspects of the dossier.
Indeed, its getting harder every day to claim that Steele was simply
spreading lies, now that three former Trump campaign officialsFlynn,
Papadopoulos, and Rick Gates, who served as deputy campaign chairmanhave
all pleaded guilty to criminal charges, and appear to be coöperating with
the investigation. And, of course, Mueller has indicted thirteen Russian
nationals for waging the kind of digital warfare that Steele had warned
about.
On January 9th, Trumps personal attorney, Michael Cohen, filed a
hundred-million-dollar defamation lawsuit against Fusion. He also sued
BuzzFeed. Cohen tweeted, Enough is enough of the #fake #RussianDossier.
Steele mentioned Cohen several times in the dossier, and claimed that Cohen
met with Russian operatives in Prague, in the late summer of 2016, to pay
them off and cover up the Russian hacking operation. Cohen denies that hes
ever set foot in Prague, and has produced his passport to prove it. A
congressional official has told Politico, however, that an inquiry into the
allegation is still active. And, since the dossier was published, several
examples have surfaced of Cohen making secretive payments to cover up other
potentially damaging stories. Cohen recently acknowledged to the Times that
he personally paid Stephanie Clifford, a porn star who goes by the name
Stormy Daniels, a hundred and thirty thousand dollars; it is widely believed
that Trump and Clifford had a secret sexual relationship.
In London, Steele is back at work, attending to other cases. Orbis has
landed several new clients as a result of the publicity surrounding the
dossier. The week after it became public, the company received two thousand
job applications.
John Sipher, the former C.I.A. officer, predicts that Muellers probe will
render the final verdict on Steeles dossier. People who say its all
garbage, or all true, are being politically biased, Sipher said. Theres
enough there to be worthy of further study. Professionals need to look at
travel records, phone records, bank records, foreign police-service cameras,
and check it all out. It will take professional investigators to run it to
ground. He believes that Mueller, whose F.B.I. he worked with, is a
hundred per cent doing that.
Until then, Sipher said, Steele, as a former English spook, is the perfect
political foil: The Trump supporters can attack the messenger, because no
one knows him or understands him, so you can paint him any way you want.
Strobe Talbott, a Russia expert who served as Deputy Secretary of State in
the Clinton Administration, and who has known Steele professionally for ten
years, has watched the spectacle in Washington with regret. Talbott regards
Steele as a smart, careful, professional, and congenial colleague who
knows the post-Soviet space, and is exactly what he says he is. Yet,
Talbott said, theyre trying to turn him into political poloniumtouch him
and you die.
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