Best preparation: recognize the excellent characteristics that the Ethiopian immigrants have. There is a softness, a genuine respect for elders, a deep valuing of the holiness of the Land... all of these aspects of Ethiopian mentality are an invaluable contribution to our society today. After you feel genuine respect, it is important to understand that children (especially teenagers) are usually anxious to trade whatever identity they may have for the prevalent cultural identity in which they find themselves. It is of utmost importance to respect from where they are coming, and at the same time, be cognizant of the burning desire to be just like everyone else; in short, to be "in". With casual remarks, one can both express respect and acknowledge the new identity (obviously, tuning in to the needs of individual students.) For some children, English is a third language. For many, even children who were born here in Israel, there are still many words in Hebrew and concepts in daily life which are at best strange, if not incomprehensible. Being attuned to the challenges that a child has to meet - being catapulted into a society different from the one his family (and sometimes, he himself) is not used to or not familiar with, - is "chetsi nechama". Building trust in a positive and respectful relationship is really the first step in creating an atmosphere which is conducive to learning. For some children, if you know a few words in Amharic, it warms their hearts and forms a bond. Some don't want to be reminded that they are not the regular street variety of Israeli, and they can feel uncomfortable, and even deny that they know a word in their parents' mother tongue. Try to give them many successes in their studies. Before a quiz, give examples of what will be on the quiz and how to answer. Go over the sample questions until everyone is confident. Tasting success is a great stimulus to learning. Be aware that there can be many concepts which are unfamiliar - such as reference to an igloo when teaching the letter "i". Ignorance of something which seems to be common knowledge is devastatingly embarrassing for any teenager: don't let it happen in class! Let me know the age of your pupils, how long they have been in Israel, and their background in English. Happy to help. May you have much success. Sonya ----------------------------------------------- ** Etni homepage - http://www.etni.org ** for help - ask@xxxxxxxx ** ** to post to this list - etni@xxxxxxxxxxxxx ** -----------------------------------------------