Mark Mandel wrote a delightful poem. Maybe you can use it for a class. Printer's Devil by Mark A. Mandel Azazel's a tiny demon, just two centimeters tall, and when he does demon magic, it's proportionally small. He can boil a drop of water, make some paint flecks disappear, or whisper very bad advice discreetly in your ear. 'Twas Isaac Asimov who told the tales of Azazel, and like 'most everything he wrote, he told them very well, from his first book of short stories -- I, Robot rose to fame -- to the last book of his memoirs -- I.(dot) Asimov bore his name. Now, you'd expect a demon to do torture pretty well, but Asimov put Azazel through quite a bit of Hell. First he changed him from a demon to an alien from space, and then he changed him back, to publish in another place. When Isaac died, the demon must have gained his independence, and posthumously his tormentor now must bear his vengeance. For in I. Asimov the list of titles caps this drama: You'll find there both "I, Robert" and "I, Asimov" ... with a comma. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - On the WordFun list, Walt Quader blamed a typographical error on the Druckfehlerteufel, the Printer's Devil. A lot of printing terminology originated in monasteries. A printer's apprentice is called a "printer's devil". When a configuration of lead type was no longer needed, it was "sent to h_ll" to be melted and reused. A printer's union was called a "chapel". The Hebrew word for apprentice is shin-vav-lamed-yod-heh. Today it is pronounced SHooLiaH. But, giving this shin its ancient dental T-sound and treating this vav as a consonantal F produces TFL, as in German Teufel = Devil. The ancient consonantal vav had an F-sound. For example, Greek phasis (as in phase of the moon) was borrowed into Hebrew as vav-samekh-saf FSS. Today it is pronounced VeSeT and means (regular) menstruation. Adam called his wife het-vav-heh kHaVaH, usually transliterated in English as Eve/Eva. But the ancient het (without a schwa) had a W-sound, like ancGreek digamma or Germanic Wynn. Giving the het its W-sound and the vav its F-sound indicates that Adam was calling his wife WiFa or WiFeTH. Which reminds me that the ancient heh had a dalet+heh TH-sound. That makes Hebrew DaG = fish a reversal of Greek ichth(os). It also equates Bithynia with Hebrew BoHeN = thumb or big toe. Anatolia (now Turkey) was an arm/hand- being-washed on the Phoenician map of Hermes. I suspect it was a big foot on a Viking map of the trickster god Loki. Tarsus is located on the bottom. Today the yod is a partial velar with a Y-sound. Treating it as a full velar produces G or K. The ancient sounds described above enable one to extract a meaning from the tetragrammaton YHVH or YHWH. It would have sounded like G/K-Th + F-Th, that is, a "god + father" or creator. Compare Roman JuH+PiTer. The Hebrew word 3aZaZeL begins with an aiyin (shown here as 3). Sometimes the aiyin has a CR sound in cognates. For example, Hebrew 3aYiN is a homonym meaning "eye; color; pool". Giving the 3 a CR sound makes the color sense of 3aYiN cognate with CRaYoN. 3oFeL is the high fortified area of the Temple mount in Jerusalem. Giving that 3 a CR sound makes 3oFeL cognate with Greek aCRoPoLis. So a word-play on 3aZaZeL may have produced CRaZy aS ' eLL. Izzy (playing the devil's advocate) ************************************** ** Join ETNI on Facebook https://www.facebook.com/groups/31737970668/ ** ETNI Blog and Poll http://ask-etni.blogspot.co.il/ ** Etni homepage - http://www.etni.org ** post to ETNI List - etni@xxxxxxxxxxxxx ** help - ask@xxxxxxxx ***************************************