Another point which I forgot to mention here (that I believe is VERY important) is that the experimenting with giving different dispensations should be done on school work or homework, NOT dropped on the pupil, out of the blue, on a test, when s/he is nervous enough as it is! Pupils need to practice using a walkman BEFORE they get to the test! (HOW many times have we been told this?) and, in fact, they actually need to be taught how to do this efficiently! In the good old days, with walkmen that had counters, I would teach them to listen to the entire passage once through, marking the counter number at the beginning of each new paragraph, and at the beginning of each question - that enabled them to go back and forth relatively quickly , to specific sections of the passage. This should be doable in digital formats, as well. But this needs to be TAUGHT and PRACTICED. The same with taking a test orally. If I think a kid needs a dispensation of one type or another, I suggest in specific work, working in a specific way. I use Avi's Special Conditions Testing Summary Page (http://w3.kfar-olami.org.il/reed/info/docs/testphd.doc ) as he has taught me, by writing down the names of EACH pupil in the class (even if they will NEVER need dispensations) in order to keep everyone in mind, and have a look at what could help whom. When I think a certain kid needs to try a certain technique, I mark a question mark in the relevant column next to his name, TRY it, and the make another mark to show that this is what I will ask for when s/he goes for an assessment. Experimentation, attentiveness and keeping accurate records are what will help US help the assessors do their jobs well, and, in the long run, help our learners get what they need and deserve. Finis! Adele -------------------------------------------- Visit the ETNI site - http://www.etni.org Send a message to the ETNI list: etni@xxxxxxxxxxxxx Send queries and questions to: ask@xxxxxxxx --------------------------------------------