> did/had: What do you think? Do errors like these portend a further erosion of the > past perfect? Clearly in spoken native english there are painful attemtpts to speak grammatically - in Michelle's examples the errors come from trying to do the right thing, not from lack of caring - but since these are not always successful, other options are chosen which can circumvent complex tenses. These tenses, however, are unavoidable in some grammatical situations, such as conditional clauses - and that's when the speakers' linguistic hesitations emerge and errors occur. I have noticed that spoken english, both native eng. and non-native varieties, tends to avoid complex tenses, whereas in literary contexts they are used more often and with greater precision. Even there, though, from what I've seen, there are differences in the incidence of such tenses btwn "inner circle" writing and that of the outer and expanding circles - but these have less to do with linguistic competence (in any "circle" it's the publisher's editor's job to see to that) than with the attempt to reproduce the syntax and grammar of a non-english language, and finally the thought processes of a non-western culture, while writing in english. Doron ----------------------------------------------- ** Etni homepage - http://www.etni.org or - http://www.etni.org.il ** ** for help - ask@xxxxxxxx ** ** to post to this list - etni@xxxxxxxxxxxxx ** -----------------------------------------------