Bill Claybaugh wrote: > Ultimately, connecting the future Arab, European, and North American grids > will provide more than sufficient supply for the small nighttime load. That sounds like it might not be too realistic, with respect to the actual characteristics of power transmission systems... How would you implement such an interconnection (of e.g. Europe and North America)? How would you transfer power across the ocean? To which of the three North American grids would this transoceanic power line be connected? How would power flow from this point of interconnection to (and across) the other two grids? How would you handle the issue of synchronizing 50Hz European power with 60Hz North American power? What advances will this require with respect to the present state of the art and practice of power transmission technology, the present state of the continental grid infrastructure, or the present state of the economics and politics of bulk power transmission system construction? -dave w