In recent posts on this list on several topics, Kon and I have "converged" on services and applications. Services are of course transmitted collections of packet streams. Applications travel over and use these streams to provide (hopefully) useful services to consumers. What tend to be opposed to these concepts is talking about bits. That makes as much sense as talking about the last 50 years of television but confining the discussion to ionized atoms. Sure, ionized atoms are essential to transmission, but people tune in to programs, channels and networks. There is much technology out there. Some of it has no "useful purpose." Mostly, it fails. One of the keys is figuring out how to get from here to a a "rich media services" model. We can rail about broadcasters defending "the NTSC franchise" and their "business model." The truth is that the broadcast business model, in the U.S. and elsewhere, evolved as people tried to figure out how to run a transmitter as a business or non-profit service. Dissing broadcasters won't help: they will have much free bandwidth to offer new services, and will have the incentive to try to make new services profitable and useable. Talking about the "lack" of a return channel is not helpful. There are multiple return channels, for mobile and fixed users, provided one has some type of an Internet connection. The truth is that these are not likely to be used much in the next ten or twenty years: most people still use broadcasting to be entertained or informed, not to interact. And, there are plenty of complimentary ways to interact, using devices more suitable to interaction than a button-laden remote control. Like, for example, a telephone. John Willkie ---------------------------------------------------------------------- You can UNSUBSCRIBE from the OpenDTV list in two ways: - Using the UNSUBSCRIBE command in your user configuration settings at FreeLists.org - By sending a message to: opendtv-request@xxxxxxxxxxxxx with the word unsubscribe in the subject line.